raft/types.go

package raft

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

// ==================== Custom Errors ====================

var (
	// ErrNoLeader indicates no leader is available
	ErrNoLeader = errors.New("no leader available")
	// ErrNotLeader indicates this node is not the leader
	ErrNotLeader = errors.New("not leader")
	// ErrConfigInFlight indicates a configuration change is in progress
	ErrConfigInFlight = errors.New("configuration change in progress")
	// ErrTimeout indicates an operation timed out
	ErrTimeout = errors.New("operation timed out")
	// ErrShutdown indicates the raft node is shutting down
	ErrShutdown = errors.New("raft is shutting down")
	// ErrPersistFailed indicates persistent storage failed
	ErrPersistFailed = errors.New("failed to persist state")
	// ErrLeadershipLost indicates leadership was lost during operation
	ErrLeadershipLost = errors.New("leadership lost")
)

// RaftError wraps errors with additional context
type RaftError struct {
	Err      error
	LeaderID string        // Known leader, if any
	RetryIn  time.Duration // Suggested retry delay
}

func (e *RaftError) Error() string {
	if e.LeaderID != "" {
		return fmt.Sprintf("%s (leader: %s)", e.Err, e.LeaderID)
	}
	return e.Err.Error()
}

func (e *RaftError) Unwrap() error {
	return e.Err
}

// NewRaftError creates a new RaftError
func NewRaftError(err error, leaderID string, retryIn time.Duration) *RaftError {
	return &RaftError{
		Err:      err,
		LeaderID: leaderID,
		RetryIn:  retryIn,
	}
}

// NodeState represents the current state of a Raft node
type NodeState int

const (
	Follower NodeState = iota
	Candidate
	Leader
)

func (s NodeState) String() string {
	switch s {
	case Follower:
		return "Follower"
	case Candidate:
		return "Candidate"
	case Leader:
		return "Leader"
	default:
		return "Unknown"
	}
}

// EntryType represents the type of a log entry
type EntryType int

const (
	EntryNormal EntryType = iota // Normal command entry
	EntryConfig                  // Configuration change entry
	EntryNoop                    // No-op entry (used by leader to commit previous term entries)
)

// LogEntry represents a single entry in the replicated log
type LogEntry struct {
	Index   uint64         `json:"index"`             // Log index (1-based)
	Term    uint64         `json:"term"`              // Term when entry was received
	Type    EntryType      `json:"type,omitempty"`    // Entry type (normal or config change)
	Command []byte         `json:"command,omitempty"` // Command to be applied to state machine (for normal entries)
	Config  *ClusterConfig `json:"config,omitempty"`  // New cluster configuration (for config entries)
}

// ConfigChangeType represents the type of configuration change
type ConfigChangeType int

const (
	ConfigAddNode ConfigChangeType = iota
	ConfigRemoveNode
)

// ConfigChange represents a single node configuration change
type ConfigChange struct {
	Type    ConfigChangeType `json:"type"`    // Add or remove
	NodeID  string           `json:"node_id"` // Node to add/remove
	Address string           `json:"address"` // Node address (for add)
}

// ClusterConfig represents the cluster membership configuration
type ClusterConfig struct {
	Nodes map[string]string `json:"nodes"` // NodeID -> Address mapping for all nodes including self
}

// PersistentState represents the persistent state on all servers
// (Updated on stable storage before responding to RPCs)
type PersistentState struct {
	CurrentTerm uint64 `json:"current_term"` // Latest term server has seen
	VotedFor    string `json:"voted_for"`    // CandidateId that received vote in current term
}

// VolatileState represents the volatile state on all servers
type VolatileState struct {
	CommitIndex uint64 // Index of highest log entry known to be committed
	LastApplied uint64 // Index of highest log entry applied to state machine
}

// LeaderVolatileState represents volatile state on leaders
// (Reinitialized after election)
type LeaderVolatileState struct {
	NextIndex  map[string]uint64 // For each server, index of the next log entry to send
	MatchIndex map[string]uint64 // For each server, index of highest log entry known to be replicated
}

// Config holds the configuration for a Raft node
type Config struct {
	// NodeID is the unique identifier for this node
	NodeID string

	// Peers is the list of peer node addresses (excluding self)
	// Deprecated: Use ClusterNodes instead for dynamic membership
	Peers []string

	// PeerMap maps nodeID to address for all nodes (including self)
	// Used for request forwarding. Example: {"node1": "127.0.0.1:9001", "node2": "127.0.0.1:9002"}
	// Deprecated: Use ClusterNodes instead
	PeerMap map[string]string

	// ClusterNodes maps nodeID to address for all nodes (including self)
	// This is the canonical cluster membership configuration
	// Example: {"node1": "127.0.0.1:9001", "node2": "127.0.0.1:9002", "node3": "127.0.0.1:9003"}
	ClusterNodes map[string]string

	// ListenAddr is the address this node listens on
	ListenAddr string

	// DataDir is the directory for persistent storage
	DataDir string

	// ElectionTimeoutMin is the minimum election timeout
	ElectionTimeoutMin time.Duration

	// ElectionTimeoutMax is the maximum election timeout
	ElectionTimeoutMax time.Duration

	// HeartbeatInterval is the interval between heartbeats from leader
	HeartbeatInterval time.Duration

	// MaxLogEntriesPerRequest limits entries sent in a single AppendEntries
	MaxLogEntriesPerRequest int

	// MemoryLogCapacity is the maximum number of log entries to keep in memory
	MemoryLogCapacity int

	// LogCompactionEnabled determines if log compaction is enabled
	// If false, the log will grow indefinitely (safest for data, but consumes disk)
	// Default: false
	LogCompactionEnabled bool

	// SnapshotThreshold triggers snapshot when log grows beyond this
	SnapshotThreshold uint64

	// SnapshotMinRetention is the minimum number of log entries to retain after compaction
	// This ensures followers have enough entries for catch-up without needing a full snapshot
	// Default: 1000
	SnapshotMinRetention uint64

	// SnapshotProvider is a callback function that returns the current state machine snapshot
	// If set, automatic log compaction will be enabled
	// The function should return the serialized state that can restore the state machine
	// minIncludeIndex: The snapshot MUST include all entries up to at least this index.
	SnapshotProvider func(minIncludeIndex uint64) ([]byte, error)

	// GetHandler is a callback function to handle remote Get requests
	// If set, clients can read values from this node via RPC
	GetHandler func(key string) (value string, found bool)

	// SnapshotChunkSize is the size of each chunk when transferring snapshots
	// Default: 1MB
	SnapshotChunkSize int

	// LastAppliedIndex is the index of the last log entry applied to the state machine
	// Used for initialization to avoid re-applying entries
	LastAppliedIndex uint64

	// RPC Timeout configurations
	RPCTimeout         time.Duration // Default: 500ms for normal RPCs
	SnapshotRPCTimeout time.Duration // Default: 30s for snapshot transfers
	ProposeTimeout     time.Duration // Default: 3s for propose forwarding

	// Retry configurations
	MaxRetries   int           // Default: 3
	RetryBackoff time.Duration // Default: 100ms

	// Batching configurations
	BatchMinWait time.Duration // Minimum wait time for batching (Default: 1ms)
	BatchMaxWait time.Duration // Maximum wait time for batching (Default: 10ms)
	BatchMaxSize int           // Maximum batch size before forcing flush (Default: 100)

	// Logger for debug output
	Logger Logger
}

// Clone creates a deep copy of the config
func (c *Config) Clone() *Config {
	clone := *c
	if c.Peers != nil {
		clone.Peers = make([]string, len(c.Peers))
		copy(clone.Peers, c.Peers)
	}
	if c.PeerMap != nil {
		clone.PeerMap = make(map[string]string)
		for k, v := range c.PeerMap {
			clone.PeerMap[k] = v
		}
	}
	if c.ClusterNodes != nil {
		clone.ClusterNodes = make(map[string]string)
		for k, v := range c.ClusterNodes {
			clone.ClusterNodes[k] = v
		}
	}
	return &clone
}

// GetPeerAddresses returns the addresses of all peers (excluding self)
func (c *Config) GetPeerAddresses() []string {
	if c.ClusterNodes != nil {
		peers := make([]string, 0, len(c.ClusterNodes)-1)
		for nodeID, addr := range c.ClusterNodes {
			if nodeID != c.NodeID {
				peers = append(peers, addr)
			}
		}
		return peers
	}
	return c.Peers
}

// GetClusterSize returns the total number of nodes in the cluster
func (c *Config) GetClusterSize() int {
	if c.ClusterNodes != nil {
		return len(c.ClusterNodes)
	}
	return len(c.Peers) + 1
}

// DefaultConfig returns a configuration with sensible defaults
func DefaultConfig() *Config {
	return &Config{
		ElectionTimeoutMin:      150 * time.Millisecond,
		ElectionTimeoutMax:      300 * time.Millisecond,
		HeartbeatInterval:       50 * time.Millisecond,
		MaxLogEntriesPerRequest: 5000,
		MemoryLogCapacity:       10000,
		LogCompactionEnabled:    false,       // 默认不启用压缩
		SnapshotThreshold:       100000,      // 默认阈值（仅在 LogCompactionEnabled=true 时生效）
		SnapshotMinRetention:    10000,       // 保留1万条用于 follower 追赶
		SnapshotChunkSize:       1024 * 1024, // 1MB chunks
		RPCTimeout:              500 * time.Millisecond,
		SnapshotRPCTimeout:      30 * time.Second,
		ProposeTimeout:          3 * time.Second,
		MaxRetries:              3,
		RetryBackoff:            100 * time.Millisecond,
		BatchMinWait:            1 * time.Millisecond,
		BatchMaxWait:            10 * time.Millisecond,
		BatchMaxSize:            100,
	}
}

// ==================== Metrics ====================

// Metrics holds runtime metrics for monitoring
type Metrics struct {
	// Term metrics
	Term uint64 `json:"term"`

	// Proposal metrics
	ProposalsTotal     uint64 `json:"proposals_total"`
	ProposalsSuccess   uint64 `json:"proposals_success"`
	ProposalsFailed    uint64 `json:"proposals_failed"`
	ProposalsForwarded uint64 `json:"proposals_forwarded"`

	// Replication metrics
	AppendsSent     uint64 `json:"appends_sent"`
	AppendsReceived uint64 `json:"appends_received"`
	AppendsSuccess  uint64 `json:"appends_success"`
	AppendsFailed   uint64 `json:"appends_failed"`

	// Election metrics
	ElectionsStarted uint64 `json:"elections_started"`
	ElectionsWon     uint64 `json:"elections_won"`
	PreVotesStarted  uint64 `json:"pre_votes_started"`
	PreVotesGranted  uint64 `json:"pre_votes_granted"`

	// Snapshot metrics
	SnapshotsTaken     uint64 `json:"snapshots_taken"`
	SnapshotsInstalled uint64 `json:"snapshots_installed"`
	SnapshotsSent      uint64 `json:"snapshots_sent"`

	// Read metrics
	ReadIndexRequests uint64 `json:"read_index_requests"`
	ReadIndexSuccess  uint64 `json:"read_index_success"`

	// Leadership transfer metrics
	LeadershipTransfers       uint64 `json:"leadership_transfers"`
	LeadershipTransferSuccess uint64 `json:"leadership_transfer_success"`
}

// HealthStatus represents the health status of a Raft node
type HealthStatus struct {
	NodeID        string            `json:"node_id"`
	State         string            `json:"state"`
	Term          uint64            `json:"term"`
	LeaderID      string            `json:"leader_id"`
	ClusterSize   int               `json:"cluster_size"`
	ClusterNodes  map[string]string `json:"cluster_nodes"`
	CommitIndex   uint64            `json:"commit_index"`
	LastApplied   uint64            `json:"last_applied"`
	LogBehind     uint64            `json:"log_behind"` // commitIndex - lastApplied
	LastHeartbeat time.Time         `json:"last_heartbeat"`
	IsHealthy     bool              `json:"is_healthy"`
	Uptime        time.Duration     `json:"uptime"`
}

// Logger interface for logging
type Logger interface {
	Debug(format string, args ...interface{})
	Info(format string, args ...interface{})
	Warn(format string, args ...interface{})
	Error(format string, args ...interface{})
}

// DefaultLogger implements a simple console logger
type DefaultLogger struct {
	Prefix string
	mu     sync.Mutex
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) log(level, format string, args ...interface{}) {
	l.mu.Lock()
	defer l.mu.Unlock()
	// Use fmt.Printf with timestamp
	// Commented out to avoid import cycle, implemented in raft.go
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) Debug(format string, args ...interface{}) {}
func (l *DefaultLogger) Info(format string, args ...interface{})  {}
func (l *DefaultLogger) Warn(format string, args ...interface{})  {}
func (l *DefaultLogger) Error(format string, args ...interface{}) {}

// NoopLogger implements a no-op logger
type NoopLogger struct{}

func (l *NoopLogger) Debug(format string, args ...interface{}) {}
func (l *NoopLogger) Info(format string, args ...interface{})  {}
func (l *NoopLogger) Warn(format string, args ...interface{})  {}
func (l *NoopLogger) Error(format string, args ...interface{}) {}

// StateMachine interface that users must implement
type StateMachine interface {
	// Apply applies a command to the state machine
	Apply(command []byte) (interface{}, error)

	// Snapshot returns a snapshot of the current state
	Snapshot() ([]byte, error)

	// Restore restores the state machine from a snapshot
	Restore(snapshot []byte) error
}

// ApplyMsg is sent to the application layer when a log entry is committed
type ApplyMsg struct {
	CommandValid bool
	Command      []byte
	CommandIndex uint64
	CommandTerm  uint64

	// For snapshots
	SnapshotValid bool
	Snapshot      []byte
	SnapshotIndex uint64
	SnapshotTerm  uint64
}

// RequestVoteArgs is the arguments for RequestVote RPC
type RequestVoteArgs struct {
	Term         uint64 `json:"term"`           // Candidate's term
	CandidateID  string `json:"candidate_id"`   // Candidate requesting vote
	LastLogIndex uint64 `json:"last_log_index"` // Index of candidate's last log entry
	LastLogTerm  uint64 `json:"last_log_term"`  // Term of candidate's last log entry
	PreVote      bool   `json:"pre_vote"`       // True if this is a pre-vote request
}

// RequestVoteReply is the response for RequestVote RPC
type RequestVoteReply struct {
	Term        uint64 `json:"term"`         // CurrentTerm, for candidate to update itself
	VoteGranted bool   `json:"vote_granted"` // True means candidate received vote
}

// AppendEntriesArgs is the arguments for AppendEntries RPC
type AppendEntriesArgs struct {
	Term         uint64     `json:"term"`           // Leader's term
	LeaderID     string     `json:"leader_id"`      // So follower can redirect clients
	PrevLogIndex uint64     `json:"prev_log_index"` // Index of log entry immediately preceding new ones
	PrevLogTerm  uint64     `json:"prev_log_term"`  // Term of PrevLogIndex entry
	Entries      []LogEntry `json:"entries"`        // Log entries to store (empty for heartbeat)
	LeaderCommit uint64     `json:"leader_commit"`  // Leader's commitIndex
}

// AppendEntriesReply is the response for AppendEntries RPC
type AppendEntriesReply struct {
	Term    uint64 `json:"term"`    // CurrentTerm, for leader to update itself
	Success bool   `json:"success"` // True if follower contained entry matching PrevLogIndex and PrevLogTerm

	// Optimization: help leader find correct NextIndex faster
	ConflictIndex uint64 `json:"conflict_index"` // Index of first entry with conflicting term
	ConflictTerm  uint64 `json:"conflict_term"`  // Term of conflicting entry
}

// InstallSnapshotArgs is the arguments for InstallSnapshot RPC
type InstallSnapshotArgs struct {
	Term              uint64 `json:"term"`                // Leader's term
	LeaderID          string `json:"leader_id"`           // So follower can redirect clients
	LastIncludedIndex uint64 `json:"last_included_index"` // Snapshot replaces all entries up through this index
	LastIncludedTerm  uint64 `json:"last_included_term"`  // Term of LastIncludedIndex
	Offset            uint64 `json:"offset"`              // Byte offset for chunked transfer
	Data              []byte `json:"data"`                // Snapshot data (chunk)
	Done              bool   `json:"done"`                // True if this is the last chunk
}

// InstallSnapshotReply is the response for InstallSnapshot RPC
type InstallSnapshotReply struct {
	Term    uint64 `json:"term"`    // CurrentTerm, for leader to update itself
	Success bool   `json:"success"` // True if chunk was accepted
}

// TimeoutNowArgs is the arguments for TimeoutNow RPC (leadership transfer)
type TimeoutNowArgs struct {
	Term     uint64 `json:"term"`
	LeaderID string `json:"leader_id"`
}

// TimeoutNowReply is the response for TimeoutNow RPC
type TimeoutNowReply struct {
	Term    uint64 `json:"term"`
	Success bool   `json:"success"`
}

// ReadIndexArgs is the arguments for ReadIndex RPC
type ReadIndexArgs struct {
	// Empty - just need to confirm leadership
}

// ReadIndexReply is the response for ReadIndex RPC
type ReadIndexReply struct {
	ReadIndex uint64 `json:"read_index"`
	Success   bool   `json:"success"`
	Error     string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// RPC message types for network communication
type RPCType int

const (
	RPCRequestVote RPCType = iota
	RPCAppendEntries
	RPCInstallSnapshot
	RPCPropose    // For request forwarding
	RPCAddNode    // For AddNode forwarding
	RPCRemoveNode // For RemoveNode forwarding
	RPCTimeoutNow // For leadership transfer
	RPCReadIndex  // For linearizable reads
	RPCGet        // For remote KV reads
)

// ProposeArgs is the arguments for Propose RPC (forwarding)
type ProposeArgs struct {
	Command []byte `json:"command"`
}

// ProposeReply is the response for Propose RPC
type ProposeReply struct {
	Success bool   `json:"success"`
	Index   uint64 `json:"index,omitempty"`
	Term    uint64 `json:"term,omitempty"`
	Error   string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// AddNodeArgs is the arguments for AddNode RPC (forwarding)
type AddNodeArgs struct {
	NodeID  string `json:"node_id"`
	Address string `json:"address"`
}

// AddNodeReply is the response for AddNode RPC
type AddNodeReply struct {
	Success bool   `json:"success"`
	Error   string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// RemoveNodeArgs is the arguments for RemoveNode RPC (forwarding)
type RemoveNodeArgs struct {
	NodeID string `json:"node_id"`
}

// RemoveNodeReply is the response for RemoveNode RPC
type RemoveNodeReply struct {
	Success bool   `json:"success"`
	Error   string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// GetArgs is the arguments for Get RPC (for remote KV reads)
type GetArgs struct {
	Key string `json:"key"`
}

// GetReply is the response for Get RPC
type GetReply struct {
	Value string `json:"value,omitempty"`
	Found bool   `json:"found"`
	Error string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// RPCMessage wraps all RPC types for network transmission
type RPCMessage struct {
	Type    RPCType     `json:"type"`
	Payload interface{} `json:"payload"`
}

// RPCResponse wraps all RPC response types
type RPCResponse struct {
	Type    RPCType     `json:"type"`
	Payload interface{} `json:"payload"`
	Error   string      `json:"error,omitempty"`
}